• Reid Hoffman said he uses OpenAI's Deep Research every day to have a "lens" on AI's future.
• He said using "chain-of-thought" models offered an insight into how these products could be "workers in the future."
• He added that "a bunch of folks" were in the race to develop the best agentic AI.

Reid Hoffman has said he uses a specific tool daily to gain insight into how AI products could be "workers in the future."

The LinkedIn cofounder and investor said he did "at least" one prompt daily with OpenAI's Deep Research tool, an agentic tool for automating complex multi-step internet research. He also said there was many companies building "strong" offerings in the race to make AI agents.

Hoffman, who stood down as an OpenAI director in 2023, citing potential conflicts of interest with his other AI investments, was asked about the startup during an interview on Bloomberg Television on Friday.

He said he was using Deep Research once a day, and that it "gives you the lens to the amplification we're going to get with these products as workers in the future."

The rise of agentic AI, which can independently act on a person's behalf and make decisions without human intervention, has fuelled speculation about how and when AI might replace human workers.

A group of Carnegie Mellon researchers ran a virtual simulation designed to test how AI agents fare in real-world professional scenarios. They found that the top-performing model finished less than one-quarter of all tasks.

"While agents may be used to accelerate some portion of the tasks that human workers are doing, they are likely not a replacement for all tasks at the moment," Graham Neubig, a computer science professor at CMU and one of the researchers, previously told BI.

Hoffman, who cofounded Manas AI, said he saw no clear leader in the race to develop agentic AI, saying there was "a bunch of folks who are doing very strong things," and "not just OpenAI, Anthropic, Microsoft, Google."

Bloomberg interviewer Ed Ludlow told Hoffman he was increasingly talking to AI in voice mode, which he called "a psychological thing that, as a consumer, you kind of have to get over."

• Trump and Zelenskyy met at the Vatican before Pope Francis' funeral.
• This was their first meeting since a heated exchange at the White House in February.
• "Very symbolic meeting that has potential to become historic," Zelenskyy later wrote on X.

Donald Trump and Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy met on Saturday — their first encounter since a heated exchange at the White House two months ago.

The two leaders held a discussion inside St. Peter's Basilica, ahead of the Pope's funeral, with French President Emmanuel Macron and UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer present during the initial moments.

Zelenskyy and Trump had not met since their heated exchange in the Oval Office on February 28, in which Trump said of Ukraine's war against Russia, "You're either going to make a deal or we're out."

Four days later, Trump announced a pause in US military aid, and the EU declared "an era of rearmament," as it unveiled a defense funding boost.

The Oval Office meeting was in the glare of the world's press, but photos of the Rome meeting show Trump and Zelenskyy seated close together, without aides or interpreters.

Andrii Yermak, a senior aide to Zelenskyy, shared a photo of the leaders in St. Peter's Basilica on Telegram. "Constructive," he wrote.

Steven Cheung, White House communications director, called it a "very productive discussion."

Posting X, Zelenskyy said the encounter had been a "good meeting."

"We discussed a lot one on one. Hoping for results on everything we covered. Protecting lives of our people. Full and unconditional ceasefire. Reliable and lasting peace that will prevent another war from breaking out. Very symbolic meeting that has potential to become historic, if we achieve joint results," he said.

The Rome meeting comes after Steve Witkoff, Trump's designated peace envoy, travelled to Moscow for discussions with Russian President Vladimir Putin.

Kremlin advisor Yuri Ushakov said the talks centered on "the possibility of resuming direct negotiations between Russia and Ukraine."

Following Witkoff's return, Trump said on Truth Social that "most of the major points are agreed to" and that a cease-fire deal between Kyiv and Moscow was "very close."

As he prepared to leave for Rome on Friday, Trump told reporters that the talks were "very fragile." He has also warned that the US might halt its mediation efforts if a deal isn't reached soon.

After the meeting on Saturday, Zelenskyy was greeted with applause when he walked out of St Peter's Basilica after paying his respects in front of the pontiff's coffin.

Trump later wrote a long post on Truth Social, in which he called the war in Ukraine "Sleepy Joe Biden's War, not mine. It was a loser from day one."

The long post ended, "There was no reason for Putin to be shooting missiles into civilian areas, cities and towns, over the last few days. It makes me think that maybe he doesn't want to stop the war, he's just tapping me along, and has to be dealt with differently, through "Banking" or "Secondary Sanctions?" Too many people are dying!!!"

• There are so many drones over Ukraine that soldiers can be unsure which ones belong to each side.
• But a Ukrainian operator said Russia is innovating less, making some of its drones easier to beat.
• Ukraine has hundreds of companies working on drones, while Russia has a more centralized approach.

Russia is flying fewer types of drones than Ukraine, which is making them easier to recognize and defeat, a Ukrainian drone operator told Business Insider.

Dimko Zhluktenko, a drone operator with Ukraine's Unmanned Systems Forces, told BI that when it comes to some Russian drone types, "it's very easy to identify them. They rarely make any changes to the design."

Russia's invasion of Ukraine has become a war of drone-filled skies.

Yet Ukraine is presenting a bigger variety of drone types to counter, aided by a huge domestic drone industry with hundreds of companies producing a vast range of different models and technologies.

Russia, in contrast, has focused on making bigger numbers of just a few models. While this has helped it produce them at scale, it also aids Ukrainian drone operators in identifying them and developing a sense of how to defeat them.

Hard to surprise

Zhluktenko said that Ukraine's more dispersed way of making drones means that "it is very hard for them to surprise us and it's very easy for us to surprise them."

He said Russia doesn't upgrade its drone designs very often, so it can be "very easy to identify friend/foe."

Russia's defense procurement is highly centralized, with soldiers getting material through state weapons manufacturers and Russian allies like Iran and North Korea.

Ukraine, in contrast, has hundreds of homegrown defense companies that work directly with soldiers to develop, test, and roll out gear, as well as volunteer networks that buy, alter, and develop new equipment for soldiers.

James Patton Rogers, a drone expert at the Cornell Brooks Tech Policy Institute, told BI that Russia's more centralized process means that "if there's an error with a component part, then it will be an error that spreads across systems. If there's a loophole that allows you to hack, then it spreads across all systems and makes them vulnerable."

The different varieties of drones give Ukraine some advantages, but it still has a huge challenge.

An advisor to Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy told NPR last month that Russia is a few months behind Ukraine when it comes to drone innovation, but has a far larger production capacity.

The production gap means Ukraine's soldiers are still using some drones bought from Western and Chinese companies. Those can be bought by the soldiers themselves, or by crowdfunding groups.

Zhluktenko said they are needed, but typically don't perform as well as Ukrainian-made drones designed specifically for this fight.

A booming drone industry

Ukraine is making most of its drones itself. Its military said more than 96% of the 1.5 million drones it bought last year were of Ukrainian origin, and that number is set to increase in 2025.

Russian President Vladimir Putin said his country would make 1.4 million drones in 2024, but it's not clear if that goal was met.

Most of the drones that Russia has fired at Ukraine have been Shaheds, a type of drone given to Russia by Iran and that Russia has started making itself.

Mauro Gilli, a senior researcher in military technology at ETH Zurich, told BI that Russia "does not have the type of production, both scale and diversity, that Ukraine has."

He also said that Ukraine has been the first in the world to develop some drone tech. Ukraine's pioneering drone types have included different naval drones, and drones that can fly over 1,800 miles.

A drone war

Drones remain key to Ukraine's fightback against Russia, especially given its smaller military and population.

Zhluktenko said that in his unit's area of the front, up to 80% of hits on Russian infantry and mechanized targets are being made by drones. Ukraine also uses them to identify and launch attacks, hit Russian ships and oil refineries, and in place of weaponry like artillery.

But while Russia's approach to different drone models makes it easier, defeating them is still a struggle.

Zhluktenko said it can still be "a big problem" to recognize whose drones are whose, because there are so many flying at any given time.

Another drone operator, who spoke to BI on the condition of anonymity, said there can be so many drones in the sky that infantry can be ordered to shoot down every one they see.

Even so, they said that Ukraine's overall tactics and equipment were constantly changing toward unmanned systems, and that drones were proving "decisive."

Ukraine will be hoping it can keep this advantage.

• European countries bordering Russia are taking steps to leave a key land mine treaty.
• Land mines have seen widespread and aggressive use in the Ukraine war.
• NGOs are concerned about the impact of land mines on civilian populations.

A growing number of countries bordering Russia are abandoning a long-standing treaty banning the use of anti-personnel land mines.

On Tuesday, Finland became the latest country to announce it was withdrawing from the Ottawa Convention, the 1997 treaty banning the use, sale, and production of land mines.

This follows an announcement in March by Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia that they were also withdrawing, amid growing concerns about Russian aggression.

Military analysts told Business Insider that the war in Ukraine is reshaping thinking about some weaponry, shattering long-standing bans against the use of weapons like land mines.

Land mines make a comeback

"Finland will prepare for the withdrawal from the Ottawa Convention," Finnish President Alexander Stubb posted on X Tuesday.

He said the decision was "based on a thorough assessment by the relevant ministries and the Defence Forces," but added that the country was "committed to its international obligations on the responsible use of mines."

The Ottawa Convention has over 160 signatories, with the US, Russia, and China among the notable absences.

In announcing their own decision, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland said: "We believe that in the current security environment, it is of paramount importance to provide our defense forces with flexibility and freedom of choice of potential use of new weapon systems and solutions."

For years, NATO members have developed tactics based on the assumption that modern armies would have to be highly maneuverable. But the Ukraine war has come to more resemble World War I, with sides entrenched in heavily defended static positions.

European countries now seem to be rapidly adjusting their strategies in response to the lessons from Ukraine, and over fears that Russia could attack elsewhere in Europe if it gets a partial victory in Ukraine.

Jacob Parakilas, a research leader for Defence Strategy, Policy and Capabilities at RAND Europe, told BI that the Ukraine war had proven the continued utility of land mines. "The landmine still has significant military value in shaping the battlefield and deterring or slowing enemy advances," he said.

Mines, Mines, everywhere

In Ukraine, both sides have often struggled to break through each other's defensive positions, some of which are heavily fortified with minefields.

During Ukraine's 2023 counteroffensive, Russia laid vast swaths of the explosives, and Ukraine has also used land mines. Ukraine is now recognized as the most heavily mined country in the world, with estimates suggesting it could take decades and billions of dollars to neutralize them.

Naval mines have also been deployed in the Black Sea, which offer their own issues and long-term challenges.

When it comes to land mines, Riccardo Labianco, the international policy manager at UK anti-landmines charity MAG, told BI that the risk to civilians is too severe to justify abandoning the Ottawa Treaty.

"We recognize there are no easy choices when a state feels under threat of armed aggression, but International Humanitarian Law, including the Ottawa Convention, is designed precisely for times like these," he said.

However, Marcus Solarz Hendriks, the head of the national security unit at Policy Exchange, co-authored a report last month calling for the UK government to abandon its own ban.

He told BI that Ukraine had shown they were a vital weapon for defending against large-scale invasions, "namely by restricting maneuverability and channelizing troops into pre-prepared kill zones," or areas where large gatherings of troops are targeted.

"This operational advantage is particularly well suited to numerically disadvantaged forces," he said, "as would likely be the case should these states be forced to defend against attempted Russian advances."

Getting your hands on mines

Countries like Finland, and to a lesser extent Latvia and Estonia, share long land borders with Russia, putting them on the frontline of any future Russian aggression.

Finland also announced Tuesday it was increasing its defense budget to 3% of GDP, and many nations bordering Russia are steeply increasing their defense spending.

For those considering land mines, one issue could be obtaining them. The Ottawa Treaty bans not just the use, but also the manufacture of landmines, meaning they can't be easily bought on the European market.

Parakilas said that some European countries obtain mines from Singapore or South Korea, which has a large, heavily mined border zone with North Korea.

Even so, mines aren't difficult to make, he said, meaning that domestic production could be geared up in "the order of months, rather than years or decades."

While land mines, at their core, are little changed, some of the tech has developed. This includes sensors that enable mines Russia claims to have developed to distinguish between types of object, enabling them to tell apart an approaching civilian bus from a tank.

Others are fitted with devices that mean they defuse after a period of time, reducing the risk of civilians triggering forgotten but unexploded mines years later.

However, Parakilas said that sophisticated devices are more expensive, and are less likely to be used to mine large swaths of territory.

Concerns over mines

While some countries appear to be looking more favorably on mines, others continue to warn against abandoning the Ottawa Convention, despite the growing threats.

Norway's foreign minister, Espen Barth Eide, on Wednesday criticized Finland's announcement.

"If we start weakening our commitment, it makes it easier for warring factions around the world to use these weapons again, because it reduces the stigma," he told Reuters.

But Solarz Hendriks told BI that a ban on land mines that made sense in the 1990s no longer does in the face of threats from Russia, China, North Korea, and Iran, which all have large land mine stockpiles.

"The recent decisions of our allies to close this capability gap, in the name of self-defense, therefore carry minimal proliferation risk," he suggested.

And as the threat of Russia grows, along with concerns over the US's long-term commitments to European security, others could soon join the likes of Finland and the Baltic States in reassessing their opposition to mines.